竹島

＜領有権の継続にも実効支配が必要(palmasの判例より）＞
領土には、他国の権利を保護する義務がある。この義務を果たすには、領域主権の表示が必要不可欠である。島においても同じ。
・The growing insistence with whichinternational law, ever since the middle of the 18th century, has demanded that the occupation shall be effective would be inconceivable, if effectiveness were required only for the act of acquisition and not equally for the maintenance of the right.
・Territorial sovereignty, as has already beensaid, involves the exclusive right to display activities of a state. This right has corollary a duty: the obligation to protect within the territory the rights of other States, in particular their right to integrity and inviolability in peace and in war, together with the rights which each State may claim for its nationals in foreign territory. Without manifesting its its territorial sovereignty in a manner corresponding to circumstance, the State cannot fulfil this duty.
・In the case of an island situated in the highseas, the question arises whether a title is valid ergaomnes, the actual continuous and peaceful display of State functions is the case of dispute the sound and natural criterium of territorial sovereignty.