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現段階の最良の知見として、裁判所にも証拠として提出できる辞典の記述から：
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS 　 ／Second Edition，2009．p.1129
[Surveys 　 調査] 　 KARIN A. FORNEY
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I. Vessel Surveys
Large oceanographic research vessels (Fig. 1), are the most versa -
tile platform for at-sea surveys of marine mammals. They can carry a
dozen or more researchers and remain at sea for weeks at a time, pro-
viding the ability to cover extensive marine areas. Search efficiency is
greatest aboard these large vessels, because observers can search from
a greater height above the water (on the flying bridge, bridge, or in a
crow's nest) and use high-power, deck-mounted binoculars ("big eyes")
(Fig. 2) when searching for and identifying marine mammals. Large
research vessels usually also have equipment for collecting oceano-
graphic data for marine mammal habitat studies (Fiedler and Reilly,
1994), and they may be able to tow hydrophones to detect marine
mammals acoustically. Auxiliary studies including photography, biopsy
sampling, diving behavior, and prey sampling are also often possible
during vessel surveys. A significant disadvantage to large research ves-
sels, however, is their great operating cost: approximately US $10,000
per day１日１万ドル. Small- or medium-sized vessels (Fig. 3), including a variety
of fishing boats and sail boats, have successfully been used for sur-
veys at a significantly reduced cost (Vidal et al., 1997). This is the most
feasible option in many parts of the world, particularly in developing
countries (Aragones et al., 1997). On these smaller vessels, searching
is usually conducted with hand-held binoculars or by naked eye, from
the highest stable deck or platform on the ship. In some shallow bays
and rivers, even smaller boats (e.g., rigid-hull inflatable boats, whalers)
may be required for safe navigation.

II. Aircraft Surveys
The main advantages of aerial surveys are the ability to cover
large areas quickly and the lower cost of aircraft compared to large
ships. 飛行機のほうが大型調査船よりコストが安い
They are particularly useful for rapid assessments and prelimi-
nary studies to determine the relative distribution and abundance of
species in a particular region. Using strip or line-transect methods,
aerial survey can be used to estimate abundance and monitor trends.
Aircraft with high wings and bubble windows (Fig. 4) are best suited,
because they allow lateral viewing as well as some downward vis-
ibility. An additional downward-viewing ("belly") window enhances
sighting efficiency considerably, because marine mammals are most
easily seen from the air when viewing perpendicular to the water
surface. A typical aerial survey observer team consists of two observ-
ers searching through the two side \vindows, one data recorder,
and, if possible, a belly observer. Aircraft can also be outfitted with
downward viewing instrumentation (e.g., radiometer, hyperspectral
imager) to measure ocean surface properties, such as sea surface
temperature and ocean color, to provide habitat information during
surveys.．．．．