イスラエル／パレスチナ和平

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http://www.economist.com/agenda/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story_ID=1846441
A bloodstained road map

Jun 13th 2003
From The Economist Global Agenda


George Bush dispatches a top envoy to the Middle East as a wave of violence threatens to destroy the American-backed peace plan

LITTLE over a week after President George Bush got Ariel Sharon and Mahmoud Abbas, the Israeli and Palestinian prime ministers, to shake hands on the American-backed “road map” for peace in the Middle East, the peace process is in serious danger of collapse, following a round of tit-for-tat attacks by Palestinian militants and Israeli security forces that has left dozens dead and injured. Mr Bush has called on “all of the free world” to put pressure on both sides to stop the killings. And this weekend he is sending one of his most senior diplomats, John Wolf, to lead a team of monitors to pressure both sides to honour their commitments under the peace plan.

Mr Bush had given Israel a rare public scolding after its unsuccessful attempt on Tuesday June 10th to assassinate Aziz Rantisi, a senior leader of Hamas, one of the main Palestinian militant groups. But Mr Bush moderated his criticism after Israel sent an intelligence dossier to Washington, which Israel said showed Mr Rantisi's involvement in planning an attack in Gaza that killed four Israeli soldiers on June 8th?the incident that triggered the latest round of bloodshed. Gunmen from Hamas and two other Palestinian groups, Islamic Jihad and al-Aqsa, joined forces to carry out the attack, to demonstrate their opposition to the road map. Israel responded two days later by trying to blow up Mr Rantisi in his car. He survived but three Palestinians were killed. The two sides then exchanged missiles in Gaza, killing three more Palestinians. Hamas reacted on June 11th by sending a suicide bomber, dressed as an Orthodox Jew, to blow up a bus in Jerusalem, killing 16 and injuring more than 100. Israel replied with a series of helicopter-gunship attacks on Palestinian targets, killing 16 people, including two other senior Hamas leaders.

At the summit with Mr Bush and Mr Sharon in Aqaba, Jordan, Mr Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen) committed himself to ending the armed Palestinian uprising, the intifada, and called on the militant groups to give up their arms. He had been trying to persuade Hamas and others to agree a ceasefire but they accused him of a sell-out, for failing to demand Israel’s full withdrawal from the territories it occupied in the 1967 war (including East Jerusalem) and for not insisting on the right of return for Palestinian refugees who fled in 1948 when Israel was created. Mr Sharon, in turn, has faced hostility from the Israeli settler movement and its political backers, for beginning the dismantling of some of the Jewish outposts erected in the West Bank and Gaza since he came to power in March 2001?as the road map requires Israel to do. The settlers are threatening to build several new outposts for every one dismantled.

Though Mr Sharon has persuaded Mr Bush to withdraw his criticism of Israel's attempts to exterminate Hamas's leaders, the Israeli press has been sharply critical of the government's assassination policy. And an opinion poll on June 13th by Yedioth Athronoth, a daily newspaper, found that 67% of Israelis want it halted, at least temporarily, to give Mr Abbas a chance to consolidate his position. The attack on Mr Rantisi has undermined Mr Abbas’s authority, by showing Palestinian hardliners how little influence he has, either in persuading the Israelis to moderate their tough military response to the intifada, or in getting America to press Israel to do so.