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SECTION III

MILITARY AUTHORITY OVER THE TERRITORY
OF THE HOSTILE STATE

Art. 42. Territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under
the authority of the hostile army.

The occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been
established and can be exercised.

Art. 43. The authority of the legitimate power having in fact passed into
the hands of the occupant, the latter shall take all the measures in his
power to restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and safety,
while respecting, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force in the
country.

Art. 44. A belligerent is forbidden to force the inhabitants of territory
occupied by it to furnish information about the army of the other
belligerent, or about its means of defense.

Art. 45. It is forbidden to compel the inhabitants of occupied territory to
swear allegiance to the hostile Power.

Art. 46. Family honour and rights, the lives of persons, and private
property, as well as religious convictions and practice, must be respected.

Private property cannot be confiscated.

Art. 47. Pillage is formally forbidden.

Art. 48. If, in the territory occupied, the occupant collects the taxes,
dues, and tolls imposed for the benefit of the State, he shall do so, as
far as is possible, in accordance with the rules of assessment and
incidence in force, and shall in consequence be bound to defray the
expenses of the administration of the occupied territory to the same extent
as the legitimate Government was so bound.

Art. 49. If, in addition to the taxes mentioned in the above article, the
occupant levies other money contributions in the occupied territory, this
shall only be for the needs of the army or of the administration of the
territory in question.

Art. 50. No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, shall be inflicted
upon the population on account of the acts of individuals for which they
cannot be regarded as jointly and severally responsible.

Art. 51. No contribution shall be collected except under a written order,
and on the responsibility of a commander-in-chief.

The collection of the said contribution shall only be effected as far as
possible in accordance with the rules of assessment and incidence of the
taxes in force.

For every contribution a receipt shall be given to the contributors.