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Anthrax is the preferred biological warfare agent because:
It is highly lethal.
100 million lethal doses per gram of anthrax material (100,000 times deadlier than the deadliest chemical warfare agent).
Silent, invisible killer.
Inhalational anthrax is virtually always fatal.
There are low barriers to production.
Low cost of producing the anthrax material.
Not high-technology. Knowledge is widely available.
Easy to produce in large quantities.
It is easy to weaponize.
It is extremely stable. It can be stored almost indefinitely as a dry powder.
It can be loaded, in a freeze-dried condition, in munitions or disseminated as an aerosol with crude sprayers.
Currently, we have a limited detection capability.

What is the medical countermeasure?
Prior to exposure, prevention through vaccination, using the FDA-licensed vaccine.
Otherwise, antibiotics such as penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline are the drugs of choice for treatment of anthrax.
Treatment with antibiotics must begin prior to the onset of symptoms and must include vaccinations prior to discontinuing their use.
The use of antibiotics keep the patient alive until their body can build an immunity to anthrax via vaccination. After symptoms appear however, inhalational anthrax is almost always fatal, regardless of treatment.